History of the Kokoda Track

A Path of Courage: The Kokoda Track’s Role in World War II

In the dense jungles of Papua New Guinea, the Kokoda Track etched its name in history as a battleground of valour and endurance during World War II. Spanning rugged mountainous terrain of approximately 96 kilometers from Ower's Corner to the remote village of Wairopi, this path became the stage for fierce clashes between Japanese and Australian forces in 1942.

Following a seaborne assault on Port Moresby being prevented due to the Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese troops sought to seize the Kokoda Trail as an overland route to their strategic target. Initial landings on the northern coast at Gona on July 21 marked the beginning of a determined offensive. By July 23, the first confrontation ignited between the South Seas Detachment and Australian forces, namely the 39th Infantry Battalion and the Papuan Infantry Battalion, at Awala.

Unprepared for the harsh jungle warfare and burdened by an arduous supply line, the Australian troops staged valiant delaying actions, even as they strategically withdrew, combat occurring at various points along the trail. It wasn't until September 17 that the Australians made their stand at Imita Ridge, a mere 8 kilometers from Port Moresby's road connection. Meanwhile, Japanese forces held Ioribaiwa Ridge just 6 kilometers away.

The strategic tide soon turned. Enhanced supply logistics allowed Australian artillery at Ower's Corner to target Japanese positions. At the same time, Japanese supply lines stretched distances that made them vulnerable. Compounded by devastating losses in Guadalcanal, the Japanese commenced a reluctant retreat, prompting fresh assaults from Australian forces. Each retreat saw strong Japanese resistance, culminating in fierce clashes as the 16th and 25th Brigades advanced to Wairopi by mid-November, pressing towards strongly contested beachheads at Gona, Buna, and Sanananda.

The Kokoda Track embodies the grit and determination of Australian soldiers, epitomising one of WWII's most grueling campaigns. Though Port Moresby’s capture was unlikely a precursor to an Australian invasion, its defense ensured northern Australia remained secure for future Allied operations against Japan. Notably, the cost was high—625 Australians lost their lives, about 1,600 were wounded, and sickness claimed over 4,000 casualties.

This track and its history in no way celebrate war and conflict. Moreso, this track remains a relevant reminder of sacrifice, resilience, and the enduring spirit of those who traversed it in one of the Pacific's significant WWII encounters.